EDUCATION 5.0: INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) FOR PERSONALIZED AND ADAPTIVE LEARNING

Abstract

The transition from Education 4.0 to Education 5.0 reflects a broader change in the purpose of technology-enabled education. Education 4.0 primarily emphasized digital transformation, technology-enhanced learning, flexibility, employability, and preparation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Education 5.0 extends this foundation by placing human well-being, ethical responsibility, sustainability, creativity, inclusion, and societal impact at the centre of educational innovation. Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning, learning analytics, intelligent tutoring systems, natural language processing, generative AI, and adaptive assessment, provides important technological capabilities for this transition. However, the educational value of AI depends not simply on technological sophistication but on how effectively it responds to individual learner differences while preserving human agency. This paper examines the role of AI in personalized and adaptive learning within the emerging Education 5.0 paradigm. The study is descriptive and based exclusively on secondary data obtained from peer-reviewed literature, systematic reviews, international organizations, government publications, policy documents, and institutional reports. The analysis identifies major developments, compares Education 4.0 and Education 5.0, and examines the opportunities and risks associated with AI-enabled personalization. The evidence indicates that AI can strengthen individualized feedback, adaptive pathways, learner support, accessibility, and teacher decision-making. At the same time, concerns relating to privacy, algorithmic bias, digital inequality, overdependence on automated systems, academic integrity, and teacher preparedness remain significant.