Climate-Driven Phenological Mismatches Between Migratory Birds and Peak Insect Abundance
DOI::
https://doi.org/10.70102/AEJ.2026.18.1.43کلمات کلیدی:
Climate change, Phenological mismatch, Migratory birds, Insect abundance, Reproductive success, Habitat conservation, Ecological disruption.چکیده
Phenological mismatches between migratory birds and optimal insect abundance caused by climate change have become an important ecological issue as a result of global warming. The rising temperatures are causing insects to come out earlier in the season, and migratory birds are not adapting to this, causing a mismatch in the arrival of the birds and insect supply. Such a discrepancy influences reproductive success, chick survival, and stability in a long-term population. As an example, the Common Cuckoo and Eurasian Redstart species have experienced 7- and 5-7-day arrival delays that cause reduced reproductive success. The black-throated blue warbler has experienced a 10-day imbalance, and the effect has also been the same as far as breeding outcomes are concerned. The author discusses the processes of these phenological changes and their impact on the population of species, but focuses more on the changes in insect phenology and the patterns of bird migration due to climate change. The paper presents the increasing danger of climate change in terms of synchrony between insects and birds through a review of the current literature. Among the main mitigation measures, there are the restoration of the habitats, the constant observation of the birds and insects, and the specific measures, such as feeding stations and artificial nesting. These results have suggested that urgent steps should be taken to reduce such mismatches and rescue endangered species. Policy adjustments and long-term research are needed to enhance conservation measures and help address the ecological impacts of phenological discrepancies. It is high time to take urgent measures to make sure that the population of migratory birds does not disappear and can survive in the times of rapid climate change.